Assignment 16 Research and Inspiration

In this assignment, we will put the history/ evolution of visual communications into an info-graphic timeline. We'll use the information from the podcasts.
Info-graphics are graphic representations of information.


Due Date: Friday, March 30, 2012



Examples:

I like the visual components of this.

I like the organization of this one, the spiral leads your eye through the information.



I like how this timeline goes so well with the theme.



I like the use of color in this one.

Early Computers | 1930s - 1980s AD

What is an abacus?

A thing that could do simple math calculations that some consider to be the first computer.

In 1936, Zuse invented this type of computer?

The freely programmable computer.

Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.

 

In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?

By the navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations.

Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.

 

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom?

The Census bureau

What does UNIVAC stand for?

Universal Automatic Computer

In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?

International business machines

What is FORTRAN?

The first successful high level programming language, it’s the IBM mathematical formula translating system.

Post a photo of the first mouse.

 

In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?

He made them more user friendly by inventing the computer mouse.

What is the significance of ARPnet?

It was the first Internet

In 1971, Intel introduced this?

The first single chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004

Post a photo of it.

 

In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.

The first memory disc, commonly called the floppy disk.

In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?

Ethernet computer network

During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos:

Altair

 

Apple I

 

Apple II

 

TRS-80

 

Commodore PET

 

In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?

The MS-DOS computer operating system that was packaged with the IBM PC.

Post a photo of the Lisa computer.

 

In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?

Apple

What is GUI?

Graphical User Interface

Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.

 

In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?

The Macintosh computer by Apple

The commercial only ran one time. When?

It ran during the Super Bowl, January 22, 1984.

In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?

The Windows operating system

Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.

When was the Internet that we know, World Wide Web, developed and introduced?

In 1982, the Internet was standardized and the concept of a worldwide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced.

Over the years, Apple has included "Easter eggs" within their software. What is an "Easter egg"?

A virtual Easter egg is an intentional hidden message, in-joke, or feature in a work such as a computer program, web page, video game, movie, book, or crossword.

Search for Easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.

By holding down alt+shift and then clicking on the status bar menu in Illustrator you get a whole new bunch more options when you click on the status bar. Choose from the fly out to display the number of shopping days till Christmas, the current phase of the moon or someone named Morty's home number. Choose eyes to display a pair of eyes that track your mouse movement.

Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?

Who knows, technology is always evolving and the possibilities are endless. Maybe they’ll provide an easier way to do homework *cough cough*.. But one thing’s for sure they’ll be more advanced and have features we haven’t even thought of. Pretty soon this generation could be considered as technologically challenged as we see our grandparents now. 

Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?

From engravings or woodcuts, images had to be reinterpereted by engraves before being published.

What is a camera obscura?

It’s an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen.

Post an example of a camera obscura.

 

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?

It was used for safe observation of solar eclipses and the phases of the moon. Artists used it as a way to trace outside scenes and paint or draw them.

From where did the photographic camera develop?

From the portable camera obscura

Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?

Sir John Hershel, it is derived from the Greek words for “light” and “writing”.

Post an example of the first photograph.

 

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?

Joseph Niépce

Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.

 

Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?

Louis Daguerre, the advantages are that the exposure time was reduced to half an hour and that an image could be made permanent by immersing it in salt, but the disadvantages were that the process was expensive and the image could not be duplicated.

Post an example of a Calotype image.

 

Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?

William Fox Talbot, Advantages: an unlimited amount of copies could be made; Disadvantages: Not as striking as the photos from the Daguerreotype process.

Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.

 

Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?

Fredrick Scott Archer, Advantages: Reduced exposure time to 2 or 3 seconds, it was significantly cheaper than the previous processes, and it produced a much sharper image; Disadvantages: Plates had to be exposed and developed immediately white the plates were still wet, which meant darkrooms had to be portable.

Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.

 

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?

Richard Maddox, Advantages: More convinient; Disadvantages: Still too complicated for the general public.

Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish?

The founder of Kodak, he also created film rolls and a camera to go with them that was accessible to the general public.

Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.

 

In 1888, he produced a camera that used his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?

He made it cheap and portable, and he gave the people an easy way to have their pictures developed.

What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?

Patenting polarized light filters, and his invention of instant photography. He founded the Polaroid Corporation in 1937.

Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.

 

How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?

60 seconds.

What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?

Paving the way for motion picture photography.

Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.

 

What is the Zoopraxiscope?

A device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion.

Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.

 

How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?

By using a series of large cameras placed in a line, each being triggered by a thread as the horse passed by.

In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?

Individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel.

Post a photo of a motion picture projector.

 

What is a motion picture projector?

A projector that shines a light through the film and magnify the “moving picture” onto a screen for an audience.